Problems and Constraints Involved in the Injection Moulding Process of Biocomposites: A Review

Authors

  • Mohd Khairul Fadzly Md Radzi Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)
  • Norhamidi Muhamad Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
  • Abu Bakar Sulong Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
  • Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
  • Mohd Ramdhan Mohd Khalid Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)
  • Mohd Rizal Ahmad Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)
  • Mohd Ikmal Hafizi Azaman Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)
  • Ahmad Syazwan Ramli Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)
  • Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000192

Abstract

Biocomposite materials have revolutionized the engineering field, predominantly in manufacturing applications, where these materials were widely used as an alternative to the metal-based structural body or component. Since conventional materials have caused various pollution problems to the ecosystem, innovative efforts have been taken to develop the based product on natural materials composites but presently are not fully explored yet. Most issues raised are due to the lack of expertise in addressing some of the problems and constraints related to preparing feedstock materials involved in the injection moulding technique. The injectability process of the biocomposite material significantly depends on the early stage of feedstock preparation. The preparation steps should be considering the detailed characterization of the composite material, the effectiveness of the mixing method, the identification of the feedstock's flowability properties, and the appropriate processing parameters used. This review manuscript has a significant contribution to researchers interested in furthering the application of biocomposite-based materials, particularly in plastics injection moulding technology for manufacturing and processing engineering.

Author Biographies

Mohd Khairul Fadzly Md Radzi, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)

Mechanisation and Engineering Unit, Engineering and Processing Division

Norhamidi Muhamad, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Department Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Abu Bakar Sulong, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Department Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Department Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Mohd Ramdhan Mohd Khalid, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)

Mechanisation and Engineering Unit, Engineering and Processing Division

Mohd Rizal Ahmad, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)

Mechanisation and Engineering Unit, Engineering and Processing Division

Mohd Ikmal Hafizi Azaman, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)

Mechanisation and Engineering Unit, Engineering and Processing Division

Ahmad Syazwan Ramli, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)

Mechanisation and Engineering Unit, Engineering and Processing Division

Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)

Mechanisation and Engineering Unit, Engineering and Processing Division

References

Ahmad, F., Choi, H.S. and Park, M.K. (2015) ‘A Review: Natural Fiber Composites Selection in View of Mechanical, Light Weight, and Economic Properties’. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 300(1), pp. 10–24.

AL-Oqla, F.M. and Sapuan, S.M. (2014) ‘Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites in Industrial Applications: Feasibility of Date Palm Fibers for Sustainable Automotive Industry’. Journal of Cleaner Production, 66, pp. 347–354.

Andrew, J.J. et al. (2019) ‘Parameters Influencing the Impact Response of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Materials: A Critical Review’. Composite Structures, 224, p. 111007.

Arifur Rahman, M. et al. (2015) ‘Introduction to Manufacturing of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites’. In Manufacturing of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites. Springer International Publishing, pp. 17–43.

Azaman, M.D. et al. (2015) ‘Processability of Wood Fibre-Filled Thermoplastic Composite Thin-Walled Parts Using Injection Moulding’. In Manufacturing of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites. Springer, pp. 351–368.

Azaman, M. D. et al. (2015) ‘Processability of Wood Fibre-Filled Thermoplastic Composite Thin-Walled Parts Using Injection Moulding’. In Manufacturing of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites. Springer International Publishing, pp. 351–367.

Barbas, J.M., Machado, A. V. and Covas, J.A. (2013) ‘Evolution of Dispersion along the Extruder during the Manufacture of Polymer-Organoclay Nanocomposites’. Chemical Engineering Science, 98, pp. 77–87.

Chaitanya, S., Singh, A.P. and Singh, I. (2017) ‘Processing of Lignocellulosic Fiber-Reinforced Biodegradable Composites’. In Natural Fiber-Reinforced Biodegradable and Bioresorbable Polymer Composites. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 163–182.

Chaitanya, S. and Singh, I. (2016) ‘Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Fabricated by Injection Molding’. Innovations in Corrosion and Materials Science, 6(1), pp. 4–9.

Clemons, C. (2002) ‘Wood-Plastic Composites in the United States: The Interfacing of Two Industries’. Forest Products Journal, 52(6), pp. 10.

El-Shekeil, Y.A. et al. (2011) ‘Development of a New Kenaf Bast Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite’. BioResources, 6(4), pp. 4662–4672.

El-Shekeil, Y.A. et al. (2013) ‘Optimization of Blending Parameters and Fiber Size of Kenaf-Bast-Fiber-Reinforced the Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites by Taguchi Method’. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2013, pp. 1–5.

Faruk, O. et al. (2012) ‘Biocomposites Reinforced with Natural Fibers: 2000–2010’. Progress in Polymer Science, 37(11), pp. 1552–1596.

Feldmann, M. (2016) ‘The Effects of the Injection Moulding Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Polypropylene Man-Made Cellulose Fibre Composites’. Composites Part A, 87, pp. 146–152.

Feng, Y. et al. (2011) ‘Preparation and Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Short Ramie Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites’. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 122(3), pp. 1564–1571.

Ho, M. et al. (2012) ‘Critical Factors on Manufacturing Processes of Natural Fibre Composites’. Composites Part B: Engineering, 43(8), pp. 3549–3562.

Ismail, H. (2004) ‘Komposit’. In Komposit Polimer Diperkuat Pengisi Dan Gentian Pendek Semulajadi. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, pp. 1–21.

Ivanov, Y., Cheshkov, V. and Natova, M. (2001) ‘Rheological Behaviour and Properties of Filled Polymer Composites’. In Polymer Composite Materials - Interface Phenomena & Processes. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 65–105.

Kawahara, Y. et al. (2017) ‘Study on the Application of Kenaf Core as a Composite Reinforcement: Injection Molding of Kenaf Core/Poly(l-Lactide) Compounds’. Journal of Natural Fibers, 14(5), pp. 666–677.

Koronis, G., Silva, A. and Fontul, M. (2013) ‘A Review of Adequate Materials for Automotive Applications’. Composites Part B, 44(1), pp. 120–127.

Ku, H. et al. (2011) ‘A Review on the Tensile Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites’. Composites Part B:Engineering, 42(4), pp. 856–873.

Kwon, H.J. et al. (2014) ‘Tensile Properties of Kenaf Fiber and Corn Husk Flour Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Hybrid Bio-Composites: Role of Aspect Ratio of Natural Fibers’. Composites Part B: Engineering, 56, pp. 232–237.

Lewandowski, K. et al. (2016) ‘Rheological Properties of Wood Polymer Composites at High Shear Rates’. Polymer Testing, 51, pp. 58–62.

Lu, J.Z., Wu, Q. and Negulescu, I.I. (2004) ‘Wood-Fiber/High-Density-Polyethylene Composites: Compounding Process’. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 93(6), pp. 2570–2578.

Magalhães Da Silva, S.P., Lima, P.S. and Oliveira, J.M. (2016) ‘Rheological Behaviour of Cork-Polymer Composites for Injection Moulding’. Composites Part B: Engineering, 90, pp. 172–178.

Megat-Yusoff, P.S.M., Abdul Latif, M.R. and Ramli, M.S. (2011) ‘Optimizing Injection Molding Processing Parameters for Enhanced Mechanical Performance of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch High Density Polyethylene Composites’. Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(9), pp. 1618–1623.

Mehdikhani, M. et al. (2019) ‘Voids in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review on Their Formation, Characteristics, and Effects on Mechanical Performance’. Journal of Composite Materials, 53(12), pp. 1579–1669.

Mohd Radzuan, N.A. et al. (2019) ‘Kenaf Composites for Automotive Components: Enhancement in Machinability and Moldability’. Polymers, 11(10), p. 1707.

Nanda, M. and Tripathy, D.K. (2012) ‘Rheological Behavior of Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Composites: Effect of Filler and Plasticizer’. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 126(1), pp. 46–55.

Noor Azammi, M.A. et al. (2018) ‘Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fiber Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Natural Rubber Composites’. Polimery/Polymers, 63(7–8), pp. 524–530.

Ogah, O.A. (2017) ‘Rheological Properties of Natural Fiber Polymer Composites’. MOJ Polymer Science, 1(4), pp. 1–3.

Pandey, J.K. et al. (2010) ‘Recent Advances in the Application of Natural Fiber Based Composites’. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 295(11), pp. 975–989.

Phiri, G., Khoathane, M. and Sadiku, E. (2014) ‘Effect of Fibre Loading on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Sisal and Kenaf Fibre-Reinforced Injection Moulded Composites’. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 33(3), pp. 283–293.

Pickering, K.L., Aruan Efendy, M.G. and Le, T.M. (2016) ‘A Review of Recent Developments in Natural Fibre Composites and Their Mechanical Performance’. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 83, pp. 98–112.

Rozman, H.D., Sobra Mulisa, A. and Tay, G.S. (2011) ‘A Comparison Study of Lignocellulosic-Thermoplastic Composites Prepared from Different Compounding Techniques’. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 124(6), pp. 4547–4553.

Salazar, V.L.P. et al. (2011) ‘Biodegradation of Coir and Sisal Applied in the Automotive Industry’. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 19(3), pp. 677–688.

Sewda, K. and Maiti, S.N. (2012) ‘Effect of Bark Flour on Melt Rheological Behavior of High Density Polyethylene’. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 123(4), pp. 2122–2130.

Shubhra, Q.T., Alam, A. and Quaiyyum, M.A. (2013) ‘Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites A Review’. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 26(3), pp. 362–391.

Singh, G. and Verma, A. (2017) ‘A Brief Review on Injection Moulding Manufacturing Process’. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(2), pp. 1423–1433.

Singh, I. and Chaitanya, S. (2015) ‘Injection Molding of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites’. In Green Biorenewable Biocomposites From Knowledge to Industrial Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 273–288.

Summerscales, J. et al. (2010) ‘A Review of Bast Fibres and Their Composites. Part 1 – Fibres as Reinforcements’. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 41(10), pp. 1329–1335.

Sun, Z., Han, H. and Dai, G. (2010) ‘Mechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Formulation and Compounding Processes’. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29(5), pp. 637–650.

Tholibon, D. et al. (2019) ‘Kenaf Fiber Composites : A Review on Synthetic and Biodegradable Polymer Matrix’. Journal of Engineering, 31(1), pp. 65–76.

Väisänen, T., Das, O. and Tomppo, L. (2017) ‘A Review on New Bio-Based Constituents for Natural Fiber-Polymer Composites’. Journal of Cleaner Production, 149, pp. 582–596.

Yan, L., Chouw, N. and Jayaraman, K. (2014) ‘Flax Fibre and Its Composites - A Review’. Composites Part B: Engineering, 56, pp. 296–317.

Yu, Y. et al. (2013) ‘Physical and Mechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Wood Powder Thermoplastic Composites’. Advanced Composite Materials, 22(6), pp. 425–435.

Zini, E. and Scandola, M. (2011) ‘Green Composites: An Overview’. Polymer Composites, 32(12), pp. 1905–1915.

Downloads

Published

2021-05-03

How to Cite

Md Radzi, M. K. F., Muhamad, N., Sulong, A. B., Mohd Radzuan, N. A., Mohd Khalid, M. R., Ahmad, M. R., Azaman, M. I. H., Ramli, A. S., & Mohd Bakri, M. A. (2021). Problems and Constraints Involved in the Injection Moulding Process of Biocomposites: A Review. Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000192

Issue

Section

REVIEW ARTICLE
Abstract viewed = 466 times
PDF downloaded = 308 times